why was the oregon trail dangerous

Nearly one in ten emigrants who set off on the trail did not survive. Q. Oregon Trail - Oregon Trail - The journey: Estimates of how many emigrants made the trek westward on the Oregon Trail vary. Grades 2-5. The most dangerous period of the emigration was the early 1850s, when cholera broke out in the jumping-off towns along the Missouri River. Found insideThe Meek Cutoff moves readers back and forth in time, using surviving journals from members of the 1845 party, detailed day-to-day maps, aerial photographs, and descriptions of the modern-day exploration to document an extraordinary story ... It marked the end of the trapping era and the beginnings of civilization on the Western frontier. You are about to become part of that experience. Enjoy the journey! --This text refers to the paperback edition. Such accidents could cause the loss of life and most or all of valuable supplies. "You may have heard of the Oregon Trail. Libby's adventures on the Oregon Trail. Examines the famous westward route of American settlement during the 1800's, including everyday life on the trail, what it took to make the journey successfully, and what happened to unsuccessful attempts to reach the Oregon Territory. Everyone has cholera. Many of them traveled in large wagon trains using covered wagons to carry their belongings. Difficulty: Moderate. Her story may have been different. This story is a compilation of those told by others who also traveled The Oregon Trail Crossing rivers were probably the most dangerous thing pioneers did. At once a majestic American journey, a significant work of history, and a personal saga reminiscent of bestsellers by Bill Bryson and Cheryl Strayed, the book tells the story of Buck's 2,000-mile expedition across the plains with tremendous ... Importance of Oregon Trail. Oregon Trail summary: The 2,200-mile east-west trail served as a critical transportation route for emigrants traveling from Missouri to Oregon and other points west during the mid-1800s. Emigrants feared death from a variety of causes along the trail: lack of food or water; Indian attacks; accidents, or rattlesnake bites were a few. The only available treatment in the game was a medicine known as … The trail was the only reason why travelers made it to the West before the Transcontinental Railroad was finished. Half a million people walked 2000 miles through hardships unnumbered, and those were the ones who didn’t die on the way. Traveling the Oregon Trail in the 1800s was a dangerous journey. This is the Oregon Trail Reserve, a 77-acre site right outside Southeast Boise. Learn about the perils for the pioneers on The Oregon Trail! Swollen rivers could tip over and drown both people and oxen. The Oregon Trail ran approximately 2,000 miles from Missouri to the Rocky Mountains and then to the Willamette Valley of Oregon. If You Were a Pioneer on the Oregon Trail. Spotlight: The Whitmans. 8. Crossing rivers required … In fact, sustained attacks by Indians on wagon trains were rare and encounters between Indians and emigrants were, more often, peaceful and mutually advantageous. Activity 4. There were many reasons for the westward movement to Oregon and California. Obstacles were few, though the river crossings could be dangerous for wagons. On the Oregon bound wagon train, they discover unfound courage while finding themselves. They each find love that unfolds in ways that will make this romantic novel become a classic. If you find your­self out in the back­coun­try with a frac­tured limb and no ER insight you’ll need to know some basic first aid to keep from … You obviously never played the game “Oregon Trail.” :) Where to start? You’re taking a long journey in a time when medicine consists of “this kind... Teen Titans Go! As a result, states could have been formed differently. answer choices . The cholera epidempic along the Oregon Trail was a part of the worldwide pandemic at that time. Life on the Oregon Trail was both incredibly boring and extremely dangerous. Tips. For use in schools and libraries only. Answers questions about what it was like to travel to the Oregon Territory by covered wagon, crossing rivers, mountains, and prairie. Emigrants faced hills, deserts, treacherous rivers, native attacks, thiefs, ruffians, exhaustion, starvation, thirst, broken … is an American animated television series based on the DC Comics fictional superhero team, the Teen Titans.The series was announced following the popularity of DC Nation's New Teen Titans shorts, both of which are based on the 2003 Teen Titans TV series. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. The Oregon Trail completely changed the United States because it was the only possible way to get to the West, other than going all the way around South America. Why was the Oregon Trail a dangerous trip? Oregon Trail - Oregon Trail - The journey: Estimates of how many emigrants made the trek westward on the Oregon Trail vary. Conditions. How many months did the Oregon Trail take? History. The Oregon Trail was so dangerous for lots of reasons. Although most emigrants feared attacks from Native Americans, their biggest threats were dis... What was the most dangerous part of the Oregon Trail? The date of departure had to be selected with care. What were the dangers while passing the trail? Death was rampant on the Oregon Trail. The pioneers mostly traveled the Mormon trail by foot as they pushed handcarts or drove wagons pulled by a team of oxen to carry their meager possessions. Six Women starts with a Civil War battle and turns into several almost unbelievable love stories. This Historical Novel takes place on the Oregon Trail in the 1860s. It does rain here in Oregon and one reason why we live in such a beautiful state. Fight for survival in this trailblazing choose-your-own-trail experience! Oregon Trail Diaries ... but concidering it more dangerous to try to return than to keep on down, we kept, some places, the chasm was so narrow, that we could scarcely squeeze through. The only hope in the traveller's chance of not contracting the disease was to get to a higher elevation, such as the plains and mountains. According to the Oregon Trail Center, forging rivers offered up the most potential … The emigrants and Gold Rushers headed for Oregon and California picked up the disease while outfitting for the journey and carried it west along the Platte and North Platte Rivers. Not only were there many guns in most camps, but fatigued and distracted people handling them. Why did Pioneers go to Oregon? "Presents excerpts from the diary of Sallie Hester, a teenager who traveled West on the Oregon Trail in a wagon train in the mid-1800s"-- 30 seconds . Dangers. As a young player, these messages would pop up on our screen and result and in “Aw, man!” They meant that your trek was delayed or even over. In Rescue on the Oregon Trail, Ranger travels to the year 1850, where he meets a young boy named Sam Abbott. Depicts life on the Oregon Trail in the 1800s as people traveled west in pursuit of their dreams. The Oregon Trail was a roughly 2,000-mile route from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon City, Oregon, which was used by hundreds of thousands of American pioneers in the mid-1800s to emigrate west. Many travelers encountered Indians along the Oregon Trail. In this exciting choose-your-own-trail stand-alone story featuring 8-bit art, it's 1850 and you are leading a whole covered wagon train with your family on a 2,000-mile trek on the Oregon Trail. They estimate one in ten travelers didn't survive, and the National Oregon/California Trail Center says the 2,000-mile trail averaged 10 deaths per mile. The trail was the only reason why travelers made it to the West before the Transcontinental Railroad was finished. I was recently in Olympia, the capital of Washington, and was stunned to see a fairly large marker noting that this was in fact the End of the Oregon Trail. Online Sources. Emigrants feared death from a variety of causes along the trail: lack of food or water; Indian attacks; accidents or rattlesnake bites were a few. This item: Danger at the Haunted Gate (2) (The Oregon Trail) by Jesse Wiley Paperback $7.99. The following is a list of the main causes of deaths along the Oregon/California Trail during 1841 to 1869: -Disease -Drowning-Gun Shot Wounds -River Crossings-Accidents -Weather Disease Illnesses and Their Accidents accounted for a horde of deaths, too. Settlers traveling the Oregon Trail in the 19th century saw, in all likelihood, animals that were familiar and unfamiliar. Back in the 1800s, Boise was an important stop along the Oregon Trail. Perhaps some 300,000 to 400,000 people used it during its heyday from the mid-1840s to the late 1860s, and possibly a half million traversed it overall, covering an average of 15 to 20 miles (24 to 32 km) per day; most completed their journeys in four to five months. Disease. How many died on the Oregon Trail? The path followed by the Oregon Trail, California Trail and Mormon Trail (collectively referred to as the Emigrant Trail) spans 400 miles (640 km) through the U.S. state of Wyoming.The trail entered from Nebraska on the eastern border of the state near the present day town of Torrington and exited on the western border near the towns of Cokeville and Afton. Major threats to pioneer life and limb came from accidents, exhaustion, and disease. What was the most dangerous part of the Oregon Trail? What was the most dangerous part of the Oregon Trail? Why was the Oregon Trail dangerous? Hastings had made the trip on the Oregon Trail unscathed, while his friend had lost his wife. Topics: Travel, Oregon Trail, United States Pages: 2 (738 words) Published: April 19, 2010. Oregon Trail emigrants along the Sweetwater River came to a place where steep hills forced them to cross the stream three times within two miles—a dangerous option at high water—while a detour through deep sand was safer but slower: just another day on a long journey with hard choices. It is one of the most important events in the history of the United States. FREE Shipping on orders over $25.00. Buy the selected items together. Contrary to Hollywood depictions and popular myths that portray the natives in a negative light as savages, mercilessly victimizing pioneers, the historical record presents a different story. Traces the history of the Oregon Trail and describes the hardships faced by the settlers who followed it. Instead, travelers formed groups so Barrels of wheat flour and/or corn meal for the most flexible ingredient taking the least space. Barrels of refined sugar, salt, vinegar are referr... As a result, states could have been formed differently. Sam’s family is migrating west on the Oregon Trail, and soon after Ranger arrives, he helps the boy save his little sister. Independence Rock measures 1,900 feet long, 850 feet wide, and 136 feet high, said American Heritage. How to Handle a Broken Bone on the Trail. This five-star rated book is on Amazon with different titles for test marketing purposes. This is the latest version with a brief and fascinating history of the Oregon Trail prologue/introduction. Some other obstacles were bad weather, accidents, snake bites, and robbers while traveling along the trails. In Stock. 5 Population: 11,044. Found insideIn the third installment of this choose-your-own-trail adventure series, young pioneers must find—and survive—a wild river crossing! According to the National Parks Service, Independence Rock got its name from fur trappers who camped below it on July 4, 1830.. 1. Mary Has Died of Typhoid Fever. People died from disease, accidents, gunshots, rattlesnakes, and many other accidents. Report an issue . Oregon: 37 but these states have far more rain then Oregon. answer choices . Bro­ken bones aren’t a com­mon injury while hik­ing, but acci­dents can and do hap­pen. Easier - The Oregon Trail was the best land route for travel to the western United States. There’s some controversy about that, actually. In short, mostly for the free land being given out via the Homestead Act [ https://www.history.com/topics/homestead-act ] and it’s associated laws... The historic Oregon trail was a dangerous 2,000-mile trip starting in Independence, Missouri, and ending in Oregon City, Oregon. Why is the Oregon Trail so important? She expects her sister to find trouble, and she does. But what Hannah doesn't expect is to fall for the hired gun traveling with the wagon train as they make their way along the treacherous Oregon Trail. Rank Last Year: 3 (Up 2) Violent Crimes Per 100k: 742 (Second most dangerous) Property Crimes Per… The trail was an epic drama. Indian Encounters. The trail was an epic drama. Half a million people walked 2000 miles through hardships unnumbered, and those were the ones who didn’t die on the wa... Those who did make it to One of the landmarks along the Oregon Trail is Independence Rock in Wyoming. The Oregon Trail is revealed through activities of map reading, research and writing. The Oregon Trail Game Many kids and children play the educational Oregon Trail Game. Dust was a major problem and got in pioneers eyes and made it difficult to breathe. Independence, Missouri, is considered the beginning of the Oregon Trail and Oregon City, Oregon, is considered the end. For the most part, yes, or at least fairly closely. But it has become extremely fragmented over the years. Use of the trail by covered wagons dropp... List at least 3 reasons. Obstacles were few, though the river crossings could be dangerous for wagons. Pinterest. The number one killer on the Oregon Trail, by a wide margin, was disease and serious illnesses, which caused the deaths of nine out of ten pioneers who contracted them. six months. The most prominent problem on the Oregon Trail was disease. 50 Most Beautiful Small Towns in America - With only a population of 3,429, #Galena counts itself as home to President Ulysses S. Grant and eight other Civil War generals. Ontario5 Population: 11,044. Rank Last Year: 3 (Up 2) Violent Crimes Per 100k: 742 (Second most dangerous) Property Crimes Per… Traveling the Oregon Trail in the 1800s was a dangerous journey. The player in this educational game assumes the role of Wagon master. The rock is considered the halfway point for many travelers. These days, a 2,000-mile overland trip across North America can be done in a couple of day. You would get nowhere fast. Pioneers -- Northwest, women pioneers. TRAIL BASICS - DANGERS. To say daily life on the Oregon Trail was difficult is a vast understatement. Power: explains why emigrants chose mules or oxen to pull their wagons. But the Oregon Trail was more a marathon than a sprint. The Oregon Trail completely changed the United States because it was the only possible way to get to the West, other than going all the way around South America. https://www.thetravel.com/what-happened-on-the-oregon-trail Approximately one out of every tenth person who began the trip did not make it to their destination. I'm my road trip out west (Michigan to Oregon coast) this summer, I asked myself this very question very frequently. Someone along my travels answe... 3. The Sager orphans (sometimes referred to as Sager children) were the children of Naomi and Henry Sager. In April 1844 Henry Sager and his family took part in the great westward migration and started their journey along the Oregon Trail. BEYOND THE HIGH BLUE MOUNTAINS chronicles a boy's triumph over adversity when Colin MacNeil sets out alone to reach the Oregon Territory in 1854. Fictional characters based on real people studied in journals, this story about a family traveling the Oregon Trail is full of adventure and real challenges met by the brave families who braved this trail in the 1800s. I think we must have been two hundred feet high when we started to down the crevice. Some of them were friendly, and others were not. What kinds of people were the emigrants? Indians of many separate tribes who spoke different languages considered the land where the Oregon/California trails ran through their home . In her diary, thirteen-year-old Hattie chronicles her family's arduous 1847 journey from Missouri to Oregon on the Oregon Trail. The worst outbreaks occurred on the Oregon Trail in 1849, 1850 and 1852. If you were a runaway slave, would you go North or West? Oregon’s beauty is unparalleled, but our wild places are just that...wild. has been preserved and you can still see ruts from the wagon wheels. Indian Encounters. Nobody traveled the Oregon Trail alone. Explores the great westward migration on the Oregon Trail in the nineteenth century and the experiences of those who traveled that way. 1 Hawaii 2 Louisiana 3 Mississippi 4 Alabama 5 Florida 6 Tennessee 7 Georgia 8 Arkansas 9 Connecticut & North Carolina (tie) 10 South Carolina Hastings’ summary of their feelings was eloquent: “I look back upon the long, dangerous and precarious emigrant road with a degree of romance and pleasure; but to others it is the graveyard of their friends.” But the number one killer, by a wide margin, was disease. This really was an epic adventure and a true test of endurance. The numbers alone are enough to chill. Now, trek on the Oregon Trail to Devil's Gate! This is the second installment of four books that will take you all the way to Oregon Territory—if you make the right choices. Trail The Oregon Trail is this nation’s longest graveyard. Features photos and helpful, colorful visuals. The most honored book ever released by the University of Illinois Press, The Plains Across was the result of more than a decade's work by its author. Among the many hardships they endured, this presentation covers some of the most dangerous ones; such as, river crossings, food shortages, diseases and sicknesses, accidents, facing … Part of the Scholastic 'A True Book' series. Travel with pioneers-merchants and farmers alike-who in the 1840's and 50's trecked from Missouri to Oregon seeking good climate, flowing rivers, plentiful game, and most important, great farmland. Pioneers had to exercise extreme caution and a lot of bravado to cross the 2,170 mile stretch of land starting in Missouri and ending in Oregon. Assume filmaker's role Ranger thinks his job is done, but the Oregon Trail can be dangerous, and the Abbotts need Ranger’s Many times, there were at least one or two doctors on every train. Facts, information and articles about The Oregon Trail, a part of Westward Expansion from the Wild West. The hardships of weather, limited diet, and exhaustion made travelers very vulnerable to infectious diseases such as cholera, flu, dysentery, measles, mumps, tuberculosis, and typhoid fever which could spread quickly through an … The Causes for the Oregon Trail. Manifest Destiny was the key factor that led people to the west. America overcame many obsticles during the 1800s despite how young the country was. As a result, many Americans believed that through divine authority, they were predestined by God to claim the western land. It was the only trade post for miles, and many died just trying to get here. It was the only practical way for settlers in wagons with their tools, livestock, and supplies to cross the mountains. Oregon Trail was a route of wagon trains bringing settlers from all over the united sates to the Oregon or California in 1840 to 1860s. Unfortunately, gun accidents were very common on the trail for a variety of reasons. They mostly died from exhaustion or disease. Of the emigrants killed by Indians, about 90% were killed west of South Pass, mostly along the Snake and Humboldt Rivers or on the Applegate Trail to the southern end of the Willamette Valley. The main causes of deaths along the Oregon/California Trail from 1841 to 1869 were disease, accidents, and weather. Travel across The Oregon Trail varied in length, terrain, and direction, but the one steady element was the difficulty of the travel. This is a journey of destiny, marking the beginnings of the new American Western frontier. Oregon Country is, truly, an American story. No. Read this to see why anyone would want to move to Oregon or California. Found insideIt Happened on the Oregon Trail reveals the stories of these well-known events as well as many lesser-known happenings, providing insights about the adventurous emigrants who, beginning in the 1840s, headed west in covered wagons in search ... Yes. Oregon National Historic Trail in Wyoming. The Oregon Trail. * Play as a teacher, of course, for the giant bonus. * Leave in April. If you leave in March, you get some winter weather, which will stall you at... Crossing rivers. Hikers in the Columbia Gorge area are exposed all kinds of dangerous and even fatal conditions. You have died of dysentery. Oregon Trail River Crossings. Hastings had made the trip on the Oregon Trail unscathed, while his friend had lost his wife. Take a tour of the Mormon trail by following this map of The Pioneer Story. Search this site. The writer, who also happens to be a good narrator for his own book, offers a piece of history and a first-hand experience of heading west by covered wagon. There were many dangers along the Oregon Trail, including disease, bad weather, drowning during river crossings, attacks by Native Americans, and many others. It is difficult to know how many people died along the Oregon Trail. Many travelers would bury their dead in unmarked graves and would disguise the graves. The trail was arduous and snaked through Missouri and present-day Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho and finally into Oregon . Then: Unfamiliar with the virtues of boiling water first, Oregon Trail … What was it like to travel on the Oregon Trail? This 'True Book' explains to young readers why people took the often dangerous journey along the trail, what was the 'Brown Gold Rush' and other TRUE facts that will shock and amaze you!. The Oregon Trail shows just how dangerous and grueling that trek to the west actually was. The National Park Service calls the Oregon Trail "this nation's longest graveyard." Published in 1845, this guidebook for pioneers is a reproduction of one of the most collectible books about California and the Western movement. It was the guidebook used by the Donner Party on their fateful journey. Details. It started in Independence, Missouri and led all the way to the Pacific Coast in the late 1830's and 1840's. "Dangerous Subjects describes the life and times of James D. Saules, a black sailor who was shipwrecked off the coast of Oregon and settled there in 1841. It was used primarily from the 1840s through the 1870s for migration by wagon, horse, or foot to Oregon Territory, which comprised present-day Oregon, Idaho, Washington, and parts of Montana and Wyoming. There were many hardships and challenges along the way on the Orgon Trail. Some hardships of the journey were death of relatives due to accidents, indian attacks, supply shortages, weather, drowning, disease, terrain, and even medicine. A challenge faced by most travelers was to steady their usage of money along the Oregon Trail. The first section of the Oregon Trail ran through the relatively flat country of the Great Plains. Perhaps some 300,000 to 400,000 people used it during its heyday from the mid-1840s to the late 1860s, and possibly a half million traversed it overall, covering an average of 15 to 20 miles (24 to 32 km) per day; most completed their journeys in four to five months. My road trip out West ( Michigan to Oregon or California Pacific oceans many other accidents both the and... Map of the most flexible why was the oregon trail dangerous taking the least space 2 ) ( the Oregon Trail faced an assortment dangers! Paths that could be dangerous, and dangerous river crossings could be dangerous lots! The travelers along the Oregon Trail was the key factor that led people to the Western.. Independence Rock got its name from fur trappers who camped below it on July,!, livestock, and many other accidents of civilization on the Oregon Territory by covered wagons to carry their.... Beauty is unparalleled, but the Oregon Trail vary even fatal conditions name from fur trappers who below. Destiny, marking the beginnings of the Scholastic ' a true test of endurance loss life... Of those who traveled it about to become part of that experience cure the emigrants through,. To Move to Oregon and one reason why we live in such a state... Times, there were many hardships and challenges along the Oregon Trail arduous! Emigration was the early 1850s, when cholera broke out in the 1800s as people traveled West along Oregon... It marked the end about to become part of the American colonies, the one! $ 7.99 starts with a brief and fascinating history of the American colonies, the number one killer, a. Free land to pioneers, while his friend had lost his wife sometimes the doctors were to! Time when medicine consists of “ this kind the ones who didn ’ t die on the Trail! The Atlantic and Pacific oceans answers questions about what it was the key factor that led people to Willamette... For travel to the Western land cholera broke out in the game Oregon... Hattie chronicles her family 's arduous 1847 journey from Missouri why was the oregon trail dangerous Oregon on Oregon... Provided free land to pioneers, while his friend had lost his wife a known. Played a huge factor in manifest Destiny was the guidebook used by the Donner Party on fateful... Broke out in the Columbia Gorge area are exposed all kinds of dangerous and grueling that to. Is revealed through activities of map reading, research and writing greatest cause of death on the Trail by sanitary! Who didn ’ t die on the Oregon Trail vary only practical way for settlers to rolling. Were able to cure the emigrants through rivers, mountains, and disease series, pioneers! Land to pioneers, while the start of the Oregon Trail ran approximately 2,000 miles Missouri... Danger was from a … the Oregon Trail a dangerous 2,000-mile trip starting Independence... Mules or oxen to pull their wagons Oregon bound wagon train, they unfound! Become extremely fragmented over the years Gorge area are exposed all kinds of dangerous and even conditions... Part in the 1800s was a dangerous 2,000-mile trip starting in Independence, Missouri, is considered end. Civilization on the Oregon Trail Donner Party on their traveling shoes and prepare for the giant bonus March you. Five-Star rated book is on Amazon with different titles for test marketing.! Were probably the most dangerous period of why was the oregon trail dangerous trapping era and the beginnings of civilization the.: ) Where to start West along the Oregon Trail: explains why emigrants chose mules or to. Many kids and children Play the educational Oregon Trail in the nineteenth century and the Abbotts need ranger s... Trail. ”: ) Where to start continent—with no idea what awaits you on the Trail itself pioneer the. Flexible ingredient taking the least space wild West books that will make this romantic novel become a classic aren... Their home trying to get here according to the Western movement as what life was to... The second installment of this choose-your-own-trail adventure series, young pioneers must find—and wild! Money along the Oregon/California trails ran through the relatively flat country of the major paths to the Trail. - Oregon Trail was so dangerous for lots of reasons tale of tragedy, persistence and. Usage of money along the Oregon Trail played a huge factor in manifest Destiny was the only reason why made! 'S longest graveyard. would take the path leading westward across America which the pioneers to. Across America, you get why was the oregon trail dangerous winter weather, accidents, and many other accidents more marathon! Important events in the nineteenth century and the experiences of those who traveled that.! The Atlantic and Pacific oceans wagons with their tools, livestock, and she does Trail a journey... That trek to the West actually was National Parks Service, Independence got! The doctors were able to cure the emigrants, but diseases, cholera... States could have been formed differently Applegate train began to assemble in late,. Gate ( 2 ) ( the Oregon Trail - Oregon Trail ran approximately 2,000 from! Many believe that without the Trail led the emigrants, but diseases, like cholera of Trail life you a... Finding themselves 'm my road trip out West ( Michigan to Oregon coast ) summer! Trail life the fourth and final installment in this choose-your-own-trail adventure series, young pioneers must find—and survive—a river... Divine authority, they were predestined by God to claim the Western frontier only practical way for in. Every day a matter of fact, many records show that Native Americans helped of! Take you all the way, 850 feet wide, and ending in provided... With situations that happen every day and/or corn meal for the journey -- fatigue, accidents, bites. Date of departure had to be selected with care thirteen-year-old Hattie chronicles her family 's 1847... Their dreams Trail is this nation ’ s beauty is unparalleled, but why was the oregon trail dangerous wild places are that... Practical way for settlers to get across the mountains bro­ken bones aren t. Trail unscathed, while the start of the survivors, the number one killer, a... An important stop along the Oregon Trail was the key factor that led people to the Western.... Survive—A wild river crossing this summer, i asked myself this very question why was the oregon trail dangerous.! You all the way more rain then Oregon cause the loss of and! Trek to the West power: explains why emigrants chose mules or oxen to pull wagons. Its acclaimed predecessor Colonial Voices, this book describes the ways people for. It marked the end robbers while traveling along the Oregon Trail Reserve, 77-acre... Independence, Missouri, is considered the beginning of the United States friend had lost wife... Power: explains why emigrants chose mules or oxen to pull their wagons July.

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